QUIZ: POSITION AND TOPIC SENTENCE OF PARAGRAPHS

Paragraph I
___(2)___a. Next, add anti freeze to your windshield washer fluid; otherwise, the

fluid will freeze and possibly break the container.
___(1)___ b. First, put on snow tires if you plan to dtive on snowy, icy roads very

often.
___(TS)___c. Driving in winter, especially on snowy, icy roads, can be less trouble

some if you take a few simple precautions*.
___(4)___d. Finally, it is also a good idea to carry tire chains, a can of spray to

unfreeze door locks and a windshield scraper in your car when driving in winter

weather.
___(3)___e. Second, check the amount of antifreeze in your radiator and add more if

necessary.

Paragraph 2
__(4)__a. Furthermore, researchers are continuing to work on the development of an

efficient, electrically powered automobile.
__(TS)__ b. Researchers in the automobile industry are experimenting with different

types of engines and fuels as alternative to the conventional gasoline engines.
__(1)__c. One new type of engine, which burns diesel oil instead of gasoline, has

been available for several years.
__(3)__d. Finally, several automobile manufactures are experimenting with methanol,

which is a mixture of gasoline and methyl alcohol, as an automobile fuel.
__(2)__e. A second type is the gas turbine engine, which can use fuels made from

gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, other petroleum distillates*, or methanol.

Paragraph 3
__(4)__a. Later on, people began to write on pieces of leather, which were rolled

into scrolls.
__(2)__ b. In the earliest times, people carved or painted messages on rocks.
__(1)__c. In the middle Ages, heavy paper called parchment was used for writing;

books were laboratoriously copied by hand.
__(4)__d. With the invention of the printing press in the middle of the fifteenth

century, the modern printing industry was born.
__(TS)__e. Some form of written communication has been used throughout the

centuries.

Paragraph 4
__(2)__a. If there had been a big storm on the day of a baby’s birth, the baby might

have been named thunder cloud.
__(TS)__b. American Indian names are very descriptive, for Indian were usually named

for physical attribute, for an occurrence in nature, or for animal.
__(3)__c. Grey Eagle, red dog, Big bear, and spotted wolf are example of Indians

named after animals.
__(1)__d. Indians with distinctive physical characteristics might be given such

names as big foot or crooked leg.

Paragraph 5
__(2)__a. For one thing, Individual I.Q. scores vary considerably.
__(1)__ b. Many experts also question whether I.Q. scores are related to

intelligence.
__(3)__c. Furthermore, most psychologists agree that intelligence test are biased*

in favor of middle-class children.
__(TS)__d. The validity* of standardized intelligence test is being seriously

questioned by educators and physiologists.
__(4)__e. In fact, motivation seems to be just as important as intelligence in

determining a person’s ability to learn.